MJEHR

Assessment of Saliva, Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Sars-Cov-2 among Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Mbarara City South Western – Uganda

Nicholas Nuwashaba1, Honorius Agaba2, Mwiine Benjamin Bigirwa3, Burunga Thelemah Kateeba4, Wanok Ralph Stephen5, Benson Okongo6, Robert Wagubi7


Abstract

While Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) has consistently been the suggested sample for diagnosing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the collection process often leads to discomfort and irritation in patients, potentially lowering the likelihood of accurate detection. Hence, there is a need for an alternative diagnostic specimen. To assess the suitability of nosaphangeal, saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and time taken for the COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test (Cov-2 RDT Ag) to turn positive in relation to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Ct value. A cross-sectional study among 301 study participants in four selected health facilities in Mbarara City. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics of participants and nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swabs and saliva were collected. Cov-2 RDT Ag (Standard Q- South Korea) and PCR Genexert system (USA) were used in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The time taken for RDT to turn positive and cycle threshold (Ct) values for the positive outcomes were recorded. The overall positivity rate was 06 (2.0%) by nasopharyngeal using PCR which is the gold standard. Out of the 06, saliva and oropharyngeal swabs gave 5 (83.3%) & 6 (100%) respectively using PCR. Using CoV-2 RDT Ag, the saliva, OS and NPS were 0%, 2 (33.3%), and 4 (66.7%) respectively. Samples with low Ct values took less time (mean

Keywords

Detection SARS-COV-2 Mbarara City Uganda
Metropolitan Journal of Environmental and Health Research

Cite This Article

Nicholas Nuwashaba1, Honorius Agaba2, Mwiine Benjamin Bigirwa3, Burunga Thelemah Kateeba4, Wanok Ralph Stephen5, Benson Okongo6 & Robert Wagubi7 (2026). Assessment of Saliva, Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Sars-Cov-2 among Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Mbarara City South Western – Uganda. Metropolitan Journal of Environmental and Health Research, 5(4). https://journals.miu.ac.ug/pages/article.php?article_id=403