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The Effectiveness of the Universal Primary Education (UPE) Program in Uganda: Achievements and Challenges. Case of Secondary Schools in Kisoro District

This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the Universal Primary Education (UPE) program in Uganda,
specifically focusing on its impact on students transitioning from primary to secondary education in Kisoro District.
The study aimed to evaluate the academic performance of UPE graduates in secondary schools, examine the adequacy
of teaching and learning resources, and analyze the challenges faced by these students during their transition. Data
was collected through structured questionnaires and interviews administered to students, teachers, and school
administrators in selected secondary schools. The study employed a multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate
the factors influencing academic performance, resource availability, and adaptation challenges of UPE graduates. The
regression analysis revealed that parental involvement was the most significant factor positively affecting academic
performance, with a higher level of parental support associated with improved grades (p-value < 0.05). The teacher
student ratio was found to negatively impact resource adequacy and adaptation, indicating that overcrowded
classrooms resulted in insufficient learning materials and hindered individual support for students. Additionally, a
conducive learning environment was positively linked to both academic performance and adaptation, though these
results were not statistically significant at conventional levels. The study also found that student motivation was a
critical factor for overcoming adaptation challenges, with motivated students more likely to succeed despite resource
constraints. The study concluded that while the UPE program has significantly increased access to primary education,
challenges related to academic performance, resource availability, and adaptation persist at the secondary school level.
The lack of adequate teaching resources, high teacher-student ratios, and limited parental involvement were identified
as the primary barriers to effective learning. To address these issues, the study recommended improving teacher
recruitment and training, enhancing parental engagement, and increasing resource allocation to secondary schools.
Additionally, mentorship programs and student counseling should be introduced to help UPE graduates adjust to
secondary school demands. Strengthening the learning environment through infrastructural improvements and better
classroom management was also emphasized. The study advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach involving the
government, schools, and local communities to ensure that the transition from UPE to secondary education is smooth
and successful for all students.

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