The study examined agroforestry practices and soil erosion in Muramba Sub County, focusing on the level of agroforestry, the extent
of soil erosion, and the relationship between agroforestry adoption and soil conservation. The study employed a correlational
research design, utilizing quantitative methods to collect data from farmers through structured questionnaires and interviews.
Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the predictors of agroforestry adoption, the determinants of soil erosion,
and the influence of agroforestry on soil conservation. The results indicated that the level of agroforestry adoption in Muramba Sub
County was moderately high and was significantly influenced by farmer awareness and knowledge (B = 0.478, p < 0.001),
landholding size (B = 0.361, p < 0.001), access to extension services (B = 0.299, p = 0.001), and the availability of tree seedlings (B
= 0.274, p < 0.001). These variables collectively explained 55% of the variation in agroforestry adoption. Regarding soil erosion,
slope gradient (B = 0.518, p < 0.001), vegetation cover (B = -0.392, p < 0.001), farming practices (B = 0.351, p < 0.001), and rainfall
intensity (B = 0.302, p < 0.001) were significant predictors, accounting for 61.3% of the variance in erosion levels. The analysis
further revealed a strong negative relationship between agroforestry adoption and soil erosion, with level of agroforestry (B = -0.476,
p < 0.001), tree density (B = -0.398, p < 0.001), and agroforestry management practices (B = -0.314, p < 0.001) collectively
explaining 62.6% of the variation in soil erosion. The study concluded that agroforestry practices in Muramba Sub County
significantly reduced soil erosion, with farmers’ knowledge, access to seedlings, landholding size, and extension services being
critical determinants of adoption. Soil erosion was primarily influenced by slope gradient, inadequate vegetation cover, unsustainable
farming practices, and rainfall intensity. It was further concluded that proper implementation of agroforestry, including maintaining
sufficient tree density and applying recommended management practices, is an effective strategy for controlling soil erosion and
promoting sustainable land use. Access to tree seedlings and planting resources should be improved through community nurseries
and supportive interventions from development partners. Sustainable land management practices, such as contour farming, mulching,
and crop rotation, should be promoted, and vegetation cover and tree density should be increased to protect soil from erosion.
Agricultural extension services should be strengthened to provide technical guidance, while policies and institutional support should
be developed to sustain agroforestry adoption. Additionally, community participation and collaboration should be encouraged to
ensure long-term sustainability of soil conservation efforts

The study examined agroforestry practices and soil erosion in Muramba Sub County, focusing on the level of agroforestry, the extent
of soil erosion, and the relationship between agroforestry adoption and soil conservation. The study employed a correlational
research design, utilizing quantitative methods to collect data from farmers through structured questionnaires and interviews.
Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the predictors of agroforestry adoption, the determinants of soil erosion,
and the influence of agroforestry on soil conservation. The results indicated that the level of agroforestry adoption in Muramba Sub
County was moderately high and was significantly influenced by farmer awareness and knowledge (B = 0.478, p < 0.001),
landholding size (B = 0.361, p < 0.001), access to extension services (B = 0.299, p = 0.001), and the availability of tree seedlings (B
= 0.274, p < 0.001). These variables collectively explained 55% of the variation in agroforestry adoption. Regarding soil erosion,
slope gradient (B = 0.518, p < 0.001), vegetation cover (B = -0.392, p < 0.001), farming practices (B = 0.351, p < 0.001), and rainfall
intensity (B = 0.302, p < 0.001) were significant predictors, accounting for 61.3% of the variance in erosion levels. The analysis
further revealed a strong negative relationship between agroforestry adoption and soil erosion, with level of agroforestry (B = -0.476,
p < 0.001), tree density (B = -0.398, p < 0.001), and agroforestry management practices (B = -0.314, p < 0.001) collectively
explaining 62.6% of the variation in soil erosion. The study concluded that agroforestry practices in Muramba Sub County
significantly reduced soil erosion, with farmers’ knowledge, access to seedlings, landholding size, and extension services being
critical determinants of adoption. Soil erosion was primarily influenced by slope gradient, inadequate vegetation cover, unsustainable
farming practices, and rainfall intensity. It was further concluded that proper implementation of agroforestry, including maintaining
sufficient tree density and applying recommended management practices, is an effective strategy for controlling soil erosion and
promoting sustainable land use. Access to tree seedlings and planting resources should be improved through community nurseries
and supportive interventions from development partners. Sustainable land management practices, such as contour farming, mulching,
and crop rotation, should be promoted, and vegetation cover and tree density should be increased to protect soil from erosion.
Agricultural extension services should be strengthened to provide technical guidance, while policies and institutional support should
be developed to sustain agroforestry adoption. Additionally, community participation and collaboration should be encouraged to
ensure long-term sustainability of soil conservation efforts.

This study assessed the role of the Uganda Women Empowerment Programme (UWEP) in poverty alleviation among
women in Kalangala Town Council. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a correlation research
design to investigate the relationship between program interventions and poverty outcomes. Data was collected from
a sample of 160 respondents, including beneficiaries, local government officials, civil society representatives, and
ministry officials, through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed
using descriptive statistics presented in frequency tables, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The
results revealed an overwhelmingly positive perception of UWEP's contribution to poverty alleviation, with 100% of
respondents affirming its impact. The program was found to be effective in delivering its core inputs, as all respondents
confirmed the provision of start-up capital, business training, and essential tools and machines. However, the study
also identified critical impediments to the program's success and sustainability. These included pervasive corruption,
with all respondents reporting that officials solicited bribes; stifling bureaucracy (87.5% agreement); significant
political interference (87.5% agreement); and a near-unanimous consensus (98.75%) that the program was severely
underfunded. A notable weakness was also found in post-establishment support, particularly in market linkages, where
a significant minority expressed dissatisfaction. It was concluded that while UWEP successfully established a
foundational framework for women's economic empowerment and was widely viewed as a vital poverty alleviation
tool, its long-term impact was critically undermined by systemic governance failures and a lack of sustainable postfunding support. The program's initial success in capital and asset transfer was not sufficiently coupled with the
mechanisms needed to ensure enterprise longevity and resilience. The study recommended an urgent multi-faceted
reform strategy. Key recommendations included the implementation of a robust anti-corruption framework and a
streamlined, transparent operational procedure to reduce bureaucracy and political interference. It also advocated for
a significant increase in program funding, complemented by diversified partnerships with the private sector and
development partners. Furthermore, the study emphasized the need to enhance post-establishment support, particularly
through intensified business skills training and proactive market linkage facilitation, and to foster a more integrated,
multi-stakeholder collaborative approach to ensure the program's sustainability and maximize its poverty alleviation
impact.

The study examined the relationship between classroom management and student behavior at Kabami Secondary
School in Kisoro District, Uganda. The purpose was to find out the various classroom management practices used by
teachers, assess how students behaved while in class, and establish the relationship between effective classroom
management and student behavior. The study adopted a descriptive research design, combining both qualitative and
quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research problem. A total of 106
respondents, including the headteacher, Director of Studies, class teachers, prefects, and students, participated in the
study. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation, and analyzed using descriptive
statistics and multiple linear regression. The results revealed that classroom management significantly influenced
students’ behavior, with a strong positive correlation (R = 0.801, p < 0.01) and an R² value of 0.642, indicating that
about 64% of variations in student behavior were explained by classroom management practices. Effective
management practices such as teacher punctuality, clear classroom rules, lesson preparation, consistent supervision,
and positive teacher–student relationships were found to promote discipline, cooperation, and academic engagement
among learners. Conversely, classrooms characterized by poor organization, irregular teaching routines, and limited
supervision experienced frequent misbehavior, absenteeism, and low academic performance. It was concluded that
classroom management and student behavior were interdependent, and that disciplined, well-managed classrooms
enhanced learners’ concentration, participation, and moral conduct. Teachers who modeled good behavior, provided
structure, and maintained fairness were more likely to achieve positive behavioral outcomes among their students.
The study further concluded that effective classroom management was not merely about control, but about creating a
respectful, engaging, and supportive environment that encouraged responsible behavior and academic excellence.
The study recommended that the school administration and education authorities should strengthen teacher training
programs on classroom management techniques, ensure consistent enforcement of school and classroom rules, and
promote positive teacher–student relationships. Furthermore, schools should integrate guidance and counseling
services, involve parents in discipline reinforcement, and provide adequate learning facilities to support effective
teaching and learning. Enhancing supervision, motivation, and professional development among teachers was also
recommended to sustain discipline and academic performance.

This study investigated the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) and its impact on Skills Empowerment among
primary schools in Kabale District, focusing on Rutooma Primary School as a case study. The research objectives
included: establishing the extent of CBC implementation, assessing the level of skills empowerment progress, and
examining the relationship between the competency-based curriculum and skills empowerment at the school. A
mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques to collect data from
teachers, pupils, and school administrators through structured questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The
findings indicated that while significant strides had been made in implementing the CBC, challenges such as
inadequate resources, teacher preparedness, and time constraints hindered its full realization. The study also revealed
that skills empowerment progress was evident, particularly in critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical skills.
However, disparities existed due to varying levels of support and resource allocation. Furthermore, the results
underscored a strong positive relationship between the implementation of the CBC and enhanced skills empowerment,
suggesting that the curriculum fostered the holistic development of learners when effectively applied. In conclusion,
the study recommended increased investment in teacher training, provision of adequate teaching materials, and regular
monitoring of CBC implementation to maximize its impact on skills empowerment. The findings contributed to the
ongoing discourse on educational reforms and their role in equipping learners with the skills necessary for personal
and societal development.

This study examined the relationship between decentralization and education service delivery in Kanungu District,
Uganda. The study was guided by the objective of determining how different dimensions of decentralization namely
fiscal, administrative, political, human resource, and planning affect the efficiency and quality of education services
at the local government level. A correlational research design was employed, and data were collected from education
officers, teachers, and local government officials using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using
Pearson’s correlation to determine the strength and significance of relationships between decentralization variables
and education service delivery outcomes. The findings revealed that all forms of decentralization had a statistically
significant and positive relationship with education service delivery (p < 0.05). Fiscal decentralization showed a strong
positive correlation (r = 0.642, p = 0.000) with the improvement of education infrastructure, indicating that increased
local financial control enhanced school construction and resource provision. Administrative decentralization was
moderately related to effective teacher management (r = 0.587, p = 0.001), suggesting that localized administrative
authority improved recruitment, deployment, and supervision. Political decentralization exhibited the strongest
correlation (r = 0.721, p = 0.000) with community participation in school management, emphasizing the role of citizen
involvement in promoting transparency and accountability. Human resource decentralization (r = 0.554, p = 0.002)
contributed significantly to education quality through better management of teacher training and appraisal.
Furthermore, planning and decision-making decentralization (r = 0.603, p = 0.000) was strongly associated with
effective resource allocation, showing that local planning autonomy enhanced evidence-based decisions in education.
The study concluded that decentralization significantly improved education service delivery in Kanungu District by
enhancing local accountability, responsiveness, and community participation. Fiscal and political decentralization
emerged as the most influential factors in strengthening school management and performance. However, the
effectiveness of decentralization depended on institutional capacity, transparent governance, and coordination
between central and local authorities. It was therefore recommended that the government strengthen the fiscal and
administrative capacities of district education offices, enhance community engagement in school governance, and
establish robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks to ensure transparency and sustainability. Additionally,
continuous training for education managers and school administrators should be prioritized to improve local planning
and financial management.

The study examined the influence of Digital Financial Services (DFS) on the profitability of microfinance institutions
in Uganda, with specific reference to FINCA Uganda. The objectives of the study were to quantify the impact of
mobile money transactions, digital loans, and agency banking on profitability; to evaluate management perceptions
regarding the influence of DFS on operational determinants of profitability; and to identify the critical challenges and
strategic success factors affecting the linkage between DFS adoption and profitability. A cross-sectional research
design was employed, and both primary and secondary data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models.
The results revealed that mobile money transactions (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), digital loans (β = 0.368, p = 0.001), and
agency banking (β = 0.295, p = 0.002) significantly enhanced profitability, accounting for 64% of the variation in
profitability outcomes. Findings further showed that management perceived DFS as improving customer retention (β
= 0.425, p < 0.001), cost efficiency (β = 0.354, p = 0.003), and revenue growth (β = 0.297, p = 0.007). The study also
established that poor connectivity negatively affected DFS–profitability linkages (β = -0.284, p = 0.003), whereas
customer trust (β = 0.397, p < 0.001) and staff training (β = 0.316, p = 0.002) emerged as critical success factors. It
was concluded that DFS adoption significantly contributed to the profitability of FINCA Uganda by broadening
financial access, reducing operational costs, and enhancing customer loyalty. However, challenges such as
infrastructural limitations and connectivity gaps constrained the full realization of profitability benefits. The study
recommended that FINCA Uganda should expand DFS services, improve digital infrastructure in partnership with
telecom operators, enhance customer trust through robust security measures, strengthen staff capacity through
continuous training, and engage policymakers in creating a supportive regulatory framework.

The study set out to establish the effects of Domestic Violence on academic performance in secondary schools in
Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District. The study was guided by the following objectives; finding out the forms
of domestic violence on academic performance in secondary schools in Nansana Municipality, establishing the
effects of domestic violence on the academic performance in secondary schools and analyzing the ways of
mitigating domestic violence as to improve on academic performance in Nansana Municipality. The study adopted
a descriptive research design employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches that targeted; parents, head
teachers, teachers, learners and community leaders who were expected to provide the required information.
Questionnaires, interview guide and observation checklists were to collect data from various respondents. To get
quality data, the researcher ensured that the instruments were valid by conducting a preliminary survey and SPSS
to determine their reliability. The findings from the study indicated that domestic violence affecting academic
performance in secondary schools in Nansana Municipality is in different forms and greatly hinders the learners’
progress and success, much as several attempts have been made to mitigate it. The researcher therefore
recommended; awareness campaigns for domestic violence, enforcement of the law and advocacy for human
rights, the teaching of Christian religious education to be compulsory as a strategy for moral formation. The church
should also intensify its mission out to the people as a way of correcting human error and restoring peace, love,
care and harmony in society.

The study investigated the relationship between domestic violence and girl child self-esteem in secondary schools of
Nyakishana Sub County, Buhweju District, Uganda. The objectives of the study were to determine the degree of girl
child self-esteem, examine the level of domestic violence, and establish the relationship between domestic violence
and self-esteem. The study employed a descriptive research design combining both quantitative and qualitative
approaches. A total of 106 respondents, including students, class teachers, the headteacher, the Director of Studies,
and selected household representatives, participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews,
and observation, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results revealed that
teacher support, peer relationships, parental encouragement, and a conducive school environment significantly
influenced the degree of girl child self-esteem, with approximately 69.8% of the variance in self-esteem explained by
these factors (R² = 0.698, p < 0.01). Analysis of domestic violence showed a high prevalence in the study area, with
parental conflict, alcohol abuse, poverty, and cultural gender norms identified as significant contributors (R² = 0.729,
p < 0.001). A strong negative relationship was established between domestic violence and girl child self-esteem (R² =
0.671, p < 0.01), indicating that exposure to emotional, physical, and economic abuse significantly lowered girls’
confidence, academic engagement, and psychological well-being. Emotional violence emerged as the most detrimental
form, followed by physical violence and neglect. It was concluded that domestic violence significantly undermined
the self-esteem of the girl child, while supportive teachers, peers, parents, and a positive school environment enhanced
confidence and emotional resilience. The study recommended that schools and communities implement psychosocial
support programs, strengthen counseling services, promote gender equality education, sensitize parents on non-violent
parenting, ensure safe and inclusive learning environments, and provide socio-economic support to vulnerable
families. By addressing both school-based and household factors, girls’ self-esteem, academic performance, and
overall well-being could be significantly improved.

The study examined the impact of information technology on the efficiency of Nigeria's banking system, with a
specific focus on the Bank of Industry, Kaduna State. The study adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
as its theoretical framework. The study utilized a mixed-method design, specifically a survey and documentary
research design. The population of the study was 400 staff and clients of the BOI Kaduna branch, and a sample of 200
participants was derived using the Taro Yamane formula. Both primary (questionnaire) and secondary (documentary
review) methods were used to collect data for the study, and a quantitative statistical technique, Multiple Linear
Regression, was used to analyze the data. The major findings revealed that the IT components collectively explained
72.8% of the variance in banking efficiency. It was also revealed that Core Banking Applications (p=.034) and Online
Banking Platforms (p=.000) had the strongest significant positive effects on efficiency. It further revealed that
Electronic Fund Transfers (p=.008) and Cybersecurity Measures (p=.015) also had a significant positive effect.
However, the bank's IT Infrastructure (p=.164) was found to have no statistically significant effect on operational
reliability. The study concluded that IT has been a primary driver of improved efficiency in the Bank of Industry,
drastically reducing loan processing times and operational costs. The study recommended among other things that the
bank must prioritize strategic investment in its core IT infrastructure (networks, power, and servers) to address the
significant reliability gap, which is currently undermining its other successful IT-driven systems.