MJAAR

The Contribution of the Batwa Community Towards the Socio-Economic Growth of the Tourism Industry: A Case Study of the Batwa in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Kisoro District, Uganda

Musiimenta Ronnet, Rhema Zawedde


Abstract

This study examined the contribution of the Batwa indigenous community to the socio-economic growth of the tourism industry in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (MGNP), Kisoro District, Uganda. The Batwa — Uganda's oldest indigenous forest-dwelling people, evicted from the Bwindi and Mgahinga forests upon their gazettement as national parks between 1991 and 1994 — had since the late 1990s been partially incorporated into the park's tourism ecosystem through cultural tourism programming that showcased Batwa forest heritage, traditional practices, and ecological knowledge as distinctive tourist attractions. Yet the economic benefits of this cultural tourism integration for the Batwa community, and its actual contribution to broader tourism industry growth in Kisoro District, remained empirically understudied. Drawing on a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey of 248 respondents comprising Batwa community members, tourism enterprise operators, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) officers, Kisoro District tourism officials, and international tour operators, the study assessed how Batwa cultural heritage tourism programming, Batwa ecoguide services, and Batwa craft and cultural enterprise development contributed to tourism industry revenue growth, tourist satisfaction and return intentions, and Batwa community socio-economic outcomes. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate levels of Batwa tourism integration and socio-economic benefit (means 3.12–3.64). Pearson correlation confirmed significant positive relationships between all three Batwa tourism contribution dimensions and industry growth outcomes (r = 0.574–0.718, p < .001). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that the three dimensions collectively explained 62.8% of the variance in tourism industry socio-economic growth (R² = 0.628, F = 36.94, p < .001), with Batwa cultural heritage programming emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.421, p < .001). Structural Equation Modelling confirmed cultural heritage programming as the construct with the largest total effect on tourism growth (total β = 0.524), with eco-guide services partially mediating this relationship (indirect β = 0.144). The study recommended expanded Batwa cultural tourism investment, benefit-sharing reform, digital marketing of Batwa heritage experiences, and community enterprise capacity building as priority interventions.

Keywords

Batwa Indigenous Community Cultural Tourism Mgahinga Gorilla National Park Eco-tourism Socio-Economic Development Community-Based Tourism SEM Kisoro District Uganda
Metropolitan Journal of Academic and Applied Research

Cite This Article

Musiimenta Ronnet & Rhema Zawedde (2026). The Contribution of the Batwa Community Towards the Socio-Economic Growth of the Tourism Industry: A Case Study of the Batwa in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Kisoro District, Uganda. Metropolitan Journal of Academic and Applied Research, 5(9). https://journals.miu.ac.ug/pages/article.php?article_id=1883

More in This Issue

View full issue →
6
Publishing Without Primary Data: A Practical Guide To Non-Empirical Research Articles
Dr Arinaitwe Julius, Dr Kamusiime B. Samuel, Akampurira Sarah
Non-Empirical Research Academic Publishing Qualitative Methods Conceptual Research
7
Reclaiming Freedom, Forgiveness, And The Paradox Of Access Denied: A Conceptual Analysis Of Post- Exoneration Reentry
Dr Arinaitwe Julius
Exoneration Wrongful Conviction Post-Exoneration Reentry Freedom
8
Regulatory Integration and Dual Oversight of Private Security Organisations (PSOs) in Uganda
Freeman Crispus, Amos Garindwa
Private Security Organisations PSO Regulation Dual Oversight Uganda Police Force
9
Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case of Wakiso Municipality, Wakiso District
Mulumba Richard, Magala Muhammed
Risk Management Practices Financial Performance Small and Medium Enterprises
10
Risk Mitigation Strategies and Liquidity of Microfinance Institutions: A Case Study of Pride Microfinance Institution
Mbabazi Doreen, Irumba Alex
Risk Mitigation Strategies Liquidity Microfinance and Institutions