This study examined how Ugandan law protected tenants against unlawful eviction, using selected landlord–tenant disputes as a case study. Doctrinal analysis of Articles 26 and 27 of the 1995 Constitution, the Landlord and Tenant Act, 2022, the repealed Rent Restriction Act and selected High Court decisions was combined with a quantitative review of 310 eviction disputes. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression on compensation (n = 76 evictions held unlawful) and binary logistic regression on the finding of unlawfulness (n = 310) were applied. Obtaining a court order before eviction reduced the odds that an eviction was held unlawful by 86 per cent, a written tenancy by 57 per cent and statutory notice by 54 per cent, whereas tenant representation raised the odds 3.40 times; months of arrears had no significant effect. Compensation rose with residential tenancy, tenant representation and Kampala location; the model explained 28.5 per cent of the variance. The study concluded that the law’s protection depended on compliance with court order and notice requirements and on access to representation. Recommendations addressed enforcement of the 2022 Act, tenant legal aid, written tenancies, rent tribunals and public awareness.