The study is about book keeping and performance of financial institutions in Uganda: a case study of ankole farmers Sacco in Mbarara city. Its objectives of the study are; to assess the meaning of book keeping in Ankole farmers SACCO, to find out factors that affect performance of financial institution in Mbarara City, to establish the relationship between book keeping and performance of financial institutions. The research design exploited both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Qualitative included use of respondents’ responses from the study while quantitative was involve use of descriptive statistics generated with frequency tables in a Ankole farmers SACCO in Mbarara City. The study was look at Book Keeping and Performance of Financial Institutions with a study population of a complete set of individuals, cases or objects with some common observable characteristics and this consisted of Managers, Accountants and Clients using a purposive technique because it allows the selection of a sample with experience and knowledge, this method was used to select Managers, Accountants. The sample size was be determined using Krejcie and Morgan, (1970) and this was consisting of 50 respondents from the study area, all these was be approached from their respective work places and area. Respondents enabled the researcher to obtain actual results and among them the researcher was be able to take up relevant information for the study which was appear frequent among them. The study used purposive and snowball sampling techniques during the process of data collection from the study respondents, the researcher also used questionnaires and interviews and methods for data collection and data was analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative analysis which involved the use of appropriate descriptive statistical measures such as mean, mode and median while qualitative analysis involved the use of statements, forecasting techniques of correlation and coefficient. The researcher achieved this with the help of specialized data analysis computer packages.