This study aimed at assessing the relationship between product quality, supply chain management, and quality control with the competitiveness of SMEs in South Western Uganda. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the research aimed to determine how these three factors influence the ability of SMEs to compete in a challenging market environment. Data were collected from SMEs across the region, and the analysis revealed that all three independent variables product quality, supply chain management, and quality control had a statistically significant positive relationship with the competitiveness of SMEs. The regression results showed that for every one-unit increase in product quality, the competitiveness of SMEs increased by 0.75 units (p < 0.05). Similarly, supply chain management contributed a 0.65-unit increase in competitiveness (p < 0.05), and quality control led to a 0.55-unit increase (p < 0.05). These results were robust, with high t-statistics and statistically significant p-values, indicating that improvements in these areas substantially enhance the competitive standing of SMEs in the region. The study concluded that product quality had the most significant impact on competitiveness, followed by supply chain management and quality control. These findings suggest that SMEs that focus on enhancing product quality, optimizing supply chain management, and strengthening quality control practices are more likely to succeed and thrive in the competitive business environment of South Western Uganda. Based on these conclusions, the study recommends that SMEs invest in product development, streamline their supply chain processes, and implement robust quality control systems. Additionally, strategic partnerships, government support, and policy frameworks are essential to facilitate these improvements and ensure long-term growth and competitiveness. By adopting these strategies, SMEs can enhance their performance and contribute to the economic development of the region.