This study examined the effect of Agroforestry on Environmental Protection in Kabale district, Uganda. The study anchored on the theory of change and the Systems theory. The study was based on these sustainable Development Goals: SDG 1(No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation),), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and implemented a comprehensive mixed-method approach with pragmatism philosophy to examine the phenomenon. Simple random sampling was used to select 347 respondents from the target population of 2639 respondents who were engaging in agroforestry practices from Rubaya, Butanda, Kamuganguzi and Kitumba Sub counties in Kabale district, Uganda. Purposive sampling was employed to select 25 key informants who were interviewed. To capture a broad range of perspectives, self-administered copies of the questionnaire were distributed to 347 participants who were residents actively engaged in agroforestry practices. Out of 347 copies of the Questionnaire that were administered to the respondents, 280 questionnaires were filled and returned back. Quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques were applied to the collected data. Findings indicate a positive relationship between agroforestry and environmental protection. It was concluded that this research provides valuable insights into the impact of agroforestry Practices on environmental protection in Kabale district, Uganda. Recommendations include promoting awareness and education, strengthening collaboration among stakeholders, developing and implementing supportive policies, establishing monitoring and evaluation systems, sustaining support from NGOs, enhancing collaboration and knowledge-sharing platforms, advocating for policy support, and encouraging community-based initiatives for soil conservation. The study suggests improvements in policy implementation, intergovernmental coordination, resource allocation, stakeholder collaboration, and policy implementation mechanisms to enhance environmental protection efforts.