The major objective of this study lied in finding out whether there was a relationship between Bush Burning and Soil Fertility in Kisoro Municipality, Kisoro District. Other objectives included: To ascertain the extent of Bush Burning in Kisoro Municipality, Kisoro District and to find out the level of Soil Fertility in Kisoro municipality, Kisoro District. The researcher found out that there is a very strong positive relationship between Bush Burning and Soil Fertility at r = 0.935 and since the sig. value (.000) was far less than 0.01, which is the maximum level of significance required declaring a significant relationship between Bush Burningand Soil Fertility, this implies that bush burning greatly influences the soil fertility of the area. Theresearcher also found out that the mean percentage of concerning the level of soil fertility in Kisoro municipality was 8.67%. The mean percentage is high hence indicating the high-level soil fertilityin Kisoro municipality, Kisoro district. The high level of soil fertility in the area is witnessed by the dark-soils allover Kisoro municipality, these are well drained, well aerated, well-structured and contains a lot of humus and organic matter required for crop growth. The researcher also found out that bush burning leads to effects like soil erosion, it leads to reduced rainfall, causes death ofsoil living organisms and destroys the soil structure. The researcher concluded on from the findingsthat the extent of bush burning is high and this is due to many factors which include high need for farming, settlement, road construction and high demand to get land for cattle rearing. The researcher recommended the government to provide enough support to NEMA in order to carry out the supervision of forested area all over the country by enforcing strict laws to protect forests for future generations against bush burning.