This study set out to examine the effect of absenteeism on pupils' academic performance in Katoosa kyenjojo nyantungo and kyankuuta Primary School, Kyenjojo town council, Kyenjojo District. The study followed a descriptive survey design, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Teachers and primary six pupils were the main respondents of this study. Convenience sampling was used to select kyankuuta primary school, primary six and the teachers who answered the questionnaire while random sampling was used to select the 20 pupils. Two sets of questionnaires were developed, one for pupils and another for teachers. Class attendance registers for the year 2022 were also used to collect data on attendance and absenteeism levels, while reports and mark lists were used to collect data on pupils' academic performance. SPSS software version 26 and Microsoft office Excel were used in processing the data. Frequency counts and relative frequencies were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The Pearson's Chi-square and the Linear Correlation Coefficient were the statistical techniques used to analyze data. This study's objectives were to find out the major causes of absenteeism in primary schools, the effect of absenteeism on pupils’ academic performance and the possible measures to reduce absenteeism in school in schools. This data from Kyankuuta Primary School provides important insights into the causes of absenteeism among pupils and its correlation with academic performance. According to findings, reasons for missing class, illness was reported as the most frequent cause affecting 55% of respondents. This suggested that issues like malaria, typhoid and respiratory infections may be reducing instruction time for over half of students.