This study investigated the historical impact of urbanization on forest cover in Uganda, focusing on the case study of Jinja Town Council in the Jinja District. Against the backdrop of global urbanization trends, the research delves into the profound changes in population distribution from predominantly rural to increasingly urban. Uganda, despite being one of the least urbanized countries globally, faces challenges as urbanization intensifies. Historically, forests have played a crucial role in Ugandan livelihoods, providing resources for homes, food, traditional medicine, and religious beliefs. The study identified a critical issue in Jinja, where forest cover has decreased by 50% over the decade from 2010 to 2020. The urbanization process, marked by factors such as population growth, political interference, and complex land ownership issues, contributes significantly to the degradation of forest lands. Encroachments for residential purposes have resulted in a substantial reduction in the forest area, impacting weather patterns and exacerbating climate condition. To address the gap in existing research, the study formulated specific objectives, including examining the causes of urban expansion, assessing the impact of urbanization on forest resources, and identifying challenges for sustainable forest management. Methodologically, a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, was employed. Findings highlight key causes of urban expansion, challenges to sustainable forest management, and factors contributing to the decrease in forest coverage. Notably, the study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive policies addressing urbanization's impact on forest resources in Jinja Town Council. In conclusion, the research underscored the urgency of mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on forest cover in Uganda. The recommendations included implementing family planning measures, raising awareness about sustainable energy alternatives, and fostering collaboration between relevant authorities to promote responsible forest management practices.