This study examined the impact of political patronage on service delivery in Uganda's local government system. A cross-sectional research design was employed with a sample of 187 respondents comprising local government officials, civil servants, and community members. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that 76.5% of respondents confirmed the existence of political patronage in resource allocation, with 81.3% reporting that it negatively affected service delivery quality. The structural model demonstrated significant negative paths from political patronage to service delivery efficiency (β = -0.68, p