This study investigated the relationship between monitoring practices and project performance in Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), Uganda. Guided by a positivist research philosophy and descriptive correlational design, the study drew a sample of 105 respondents from KCCA project staff using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 25. The study found that monitoring practices — comprising planning and scheduling, progress tracking, reporting systems, and feedback mechanisms — are positively and significantly correlated with project performance (r = .683, p < .001). Regression analysis revealed that monitoring practices collectively explain 62.6% of the variance in project performance (R² = .626, F(4,100) = 41.87, p < .001). The study concludes that robust monitoring practices are a critical determinant of project success in public institutions. It recommends that KCCA institutionalise real-time monitoring dashboards, invest in training project managers in monitoring and evaluation methodologies, and establish independent audit frameworks for all capital projects.