The study examined the relationship between microfinance loans and women's empowerment in Mityana Municipality, Uganda. The study was necessitated by the growing recognition of microfinance as a tool for poverty alleviation and gender empowerment, alongside persistent concerns about its actual impact on women's lives in Ugandan peri-urban settings. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 168 women who had accessed microfinance loans in Mityana Municipality. Women's empowerment was operationalized across three dimensions: economic empowerment, social empowerment, and decision-making empowerment. The results indicated that microfinance loan access had a significant positive effect on economic empowerment (β=0.431, p<0.001), social empowerment (β=0.312, p<0.01), and decision-making empowerment (β=0.289, p<0.01) of women in Mityana Municipality. The regression model explained 53.8% of the variance in overall women's empowerment. The study concluded that microfinance loans were significant positive contributors to women's empowerment but that outcomes were conditioned by loan management practices, group dynamics, and the broader socioeconomic environment. Recommendations were made for improving microfinance product design and delivery to maximize women's empowerment outcomes.