This study investigated the relationship between credit management practices and financial performance at Pride Microfinance Limited, one of Uganda's leading microfinance deposit-taking institutions. Credit management dimensions examined included credit appraisal, credit monitoring, loan recovery strategies, and credit policy adherence. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 140 employees and managers at Pride Microfinance using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between credit management and financial performance (r = 0.731, p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that credit appraisal (β = 0.352, p < 0.001), credit monitoring (β = 0.298, p < 0.001), and loan recovery (β = 0.261, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of financial performance, collectively explaining 68.9% of the variance in financial performance (R² = 0.689). The study concludes that credit management is a fundamental determinant of microfinance financial performance and recommends that Pride Microfinance strengthen its credit appraisal frameworks, invest in digital credit monitoring systems, and develop aggressive yet client-sensitive loan recovery strategies.