This study investigated the role of soil management practices on improved crop production at Buda Kasmart Farm in Budaka District, Uganda. The study was motivated by declining soil fertility and stagnating crop yields observed across eastern Uganda's smallholder farming systems. A case study research design was employed, combining quantitative soil analysis data from 24 field plots with structured interviews from 78 farm workers and agronomists. Data were collected between April and October 2024, spanning the two main crop seasons. The study examined four soil management dimensions: organic matter management, soil pH management, soil erosion control, and irrigation and water management. Results showed that plots under integrated organic-inorganic nutrient management achieved a maize yield of 4.8 metric tonnes per hectare (Mt/ha) compared to 1.9 Mt/ha for control plots using no soil management interventions, representing a yield increase of 152.6%. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between organic matter application (r = 0.784, p < 0.01), pH management (r = 0.741, p < 0.01), erosion control (r = 0.692, p < 0.01), and crop yield. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that soil management practices collectively explained 73.2% of yield variance (Adjusted R² = 0.698). The study concludes that comprehensive soil management is the most critical determinant of crop productivity at Buda Kasmart Farm and recommends scaling these practices to surrounding smallholder farms through extension service partnerships.