This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of environmental law in conservation of water resources at river Rwizi in Sⱨeema, Rwampara and Isingiro Districts based study objective which is to find out the relationship between environmental laws and conservation of water resources at river Rwizi in Sⱨeema, Rwampara and Isingiro Districts. The study employed a mixed research design where it used qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze the data collected, data analysis was done through transforming information got to a more representative way, simple frequency tables and percentages were employed to facilitate analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The research was carried out at river Rwizi in Sⱨeema, Rwampara and Isingiro Districts. The analysis on significance suggests that all three factors (Monitoring, Legal & Institutional Framework, and Institutional Interactions) likely play a role in influencing the conservation of water of resources. Further, analysis indicates a positive significant relationship the relationship between environmental laws and conservation of water resources at river Rwizi in Sⱨeema, Rwampara and Isingiro Districts. Basing on the study findings, it is concluded that Monitoring, Legal & Institutional Framework, and Institutional Interactions likely play a role in influencing the conservation of water of resources. Furthermore, it is also concluded that there is a positive significant relationship the relationship between environmental laws and conservation of water resources at river Rwizi in Sⱨeema, Rwampara and Isingiro Districts. Stronger legal frameworks with well-defined regulations and penalties, coupled with well-functioning institutions for enforcement, are associated with higher levels of conservation of water resources. Additionally, it is concluded that a multifaceted approach is needed for conservation of water resources. By strengthening legal frameworks, fostering collaboration between stakeholders, and implementing robust monitoring practices, communities can work towards a more sustainable future for their water resources.