This study examined the relationship between supplier quality assurance (SQA) and business performance at Aramex Company Ltd Uganda. As the logistics industry in Uganda grows rapidly alongside increasing regional trade volumes and e-commerce penetration, supplier quality has emerged as a critical determinant of service delivery standards and overall business performance. A case study research design was adopted with a quantitative orientation. Using purposive and stratified random sampling, 164 respondents comprising Aramex procurement officers, operations staff, customer service agents, and key supply chain partners were selected. A structured questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.861 was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were employed using SPSS Version 26. The findings revealed significant positive correlations between supplier selection criteria (r = 0.634, p < 0.01), supplier performance monitoring (r = 0.618, p < 0.01), supplier development programmes (r = 0.572, p < 0.01), and business performance. The regression model explained 58.7% of variance in business performance (Adjusted R² = 0.571). Supplier selection criteria emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.344, p < 0.001). The study concludes that SQA is a critical driver of Aramex Uganda's business performance and recommends strengthening supplier evaluation frameworks, continuous performance monitoring, and structured supplier development programmes.