This study aimed to assess the impact of wastewater management practices at Mukwano Industries on water quality in the surrounding areas of Uganda. The research employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, Chi-square tests, and compliance indices to evaluate the wastewater management practices and their impact on key water quality indicators, including pH, turbidity, BOD, and heavy metals. Data were collected from the company's wastewater treatment facilities and nearby water bodies, with a focus on identifying trends in wastewater management practices and their environmental effects. The results revealed that while Mukwano Industries had implemented several wastewater management practices, such as regular staff training and routine inspections of treatment systems, the adoption of advanced treatment technologies, such as chemical and tertiary treatments, was limited. As a result, significant degradation in water quality was observed, particularly in the increase of turbidity, BOD, and a decrease in pH in areas downstream of the wastewater discharge point. The paired t-test results indicated significant changes in these water quality parameters before and after wastewater discharge, reinforcing the negative impact of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, the compliance index showed that 45% of the wastewater management practices were fully compliant with national environmental regulations, while 40% were partially compliant, and 15% were non- compliant. The Chi-square test results demonstrated a significant association between higher compliance levels and improved water quality outcomes. These findings suggested that stronger adherence to environmental regulations is linked to better wastewater management and less environmental pollution. The study concluded with several key recommendations, including the investment in more advanced wastewater treatment technologies, such as chemical and tertiary treatments, to enhance treatment efficiency. Additionally, strengthening internal compliance mechanisms and promoting collaboration with regulatory authorities and